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USS Monadnock (1863)
The first USS ''Monadnock'', a twin‑screw, wooden‑hull, double-turreted, ironclad monitor was laid down at the Boston Navy Yard, Charlestown, Massachusetts, in 1862; launched 23 March 1863; and commissioned at the Boston Navy Yard 4 October 1864, Captain John M. Berrien in command. It was named after Mount Monadnock, a mountain in southern New Hampshire.
==Background==
The only monitor of the ''Monadnock''-class to see action during the Civil War, the ''Monadnock'' was designed by Chief of the Bureau of Construction and Repair John Lenthall. Lenthall actually designed four monitors at that time. The ''Monadnock'' and the were the first and are considered the two ''Monadnock''-class vessels. Lenthall altered the designs of the next two, the and the and dubbed them the ''Miantonomoh''-class. Because of the similarities between the two classes they are sometimes referred to collectively as the ''Miantonomoh''-class.
The ''Monadnock'' used powerful steam engines designed by Chief of Steam Engineering, Benjamin F. Isherwood. Her hull design was also much more streamlined than monitors designed by John Ericsson. Unfortunately, her internal frames were only 4.5 in oak and like Lenthall's conversion, the weight of her turrets weakened the structural integrity of the hull and she was prone to rotting and cracking.
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